Today television is an integral part of human life. TV quickly took root in homes, even though it was invented more than 100 years ago. It allows you to have fun, get information and even go online. Of course, the technology that is used now is strikingly different from the original one, which had a completely different structure. What is the history of the emergence of television, what scientific minds had a hand in the creation of such technology and what were the first developments - about this in the article.
Who invented the first television
The history of the creation of television lasts about 100 years. First, radio appeared, and it was discovered by 2 people in different parts of the world. Television is a complex technology that was created in stages. Each country has its own version of who became its ancestor - the emphasis is on its scientists. The fact is that entire teams worked on the technology, solving individual technical problems.
In short, the origins were Willoughby Smith, who invented the photoelectric effect in selenium. At the next stage, the Russian scientist Boris Rosing emerged, who patented a method of transmitting images using electricity. There were other inventors: D. Baird, P. Nipkov, J. Jenkins, L. Termen, I. Adamyan. Everyone was in their own country and working on a transmitter that broadcast the image.
Then electronic television broadcasting appeared, which became the next round of technology development. G. Glage and M. Dickmann registered a tube transmitting an image. However, the first person to patent the technology, which is still used in television receivers to this day, in 1907, was Boris Rosing. His project was improved by various scientists. A few years later, in 1931, V. Zvorykin comes up with an iconoscope - this device is considered the first TV. Taking it as a basis, F. Farnsworth develops a kinescope - this is how the story looks briefly.
This is what TVs looked like in different years.
The advent of color television
Inventors began to think about creating an image that would be transmitted in the form in which a person sees the world, immediately after the incredibly successful experience with the creation of a regular TV.
At the same time, when the transmission of black and white pictures was being realized, the idea of color televisions began to be prepared. John Baird also conducted the first study by inserting a three-color filter into a television through which pictures were passed in turn.
In 1900, Alexander Polumordvin’s asset was presented to create the first three-component television system. The idea was based on combining a Nipkow disk with light filters of various colors.
In the 1920s, the first color television was released in the United States, which anyone could purchase on credit.
Principle of operation
In 1928, regular broadcasting began and from this year it is considered to be the real history of the creation of TV. Then U. Sanabria began transmitting sound and pictures using radio waves. How television of those times worked - the image was projected onto a light-sensitive plate placed in a cathode ray tube. CRTs have been improved for a long time - improving picture quality and increasing the screen surface.
When digital broadcasting appeared, the need for a kinescope with a ray tube disappeared. The principle of image projection has changed - it is first encoded, and only then, through digital channels or the Internet, it is transmitted.
History of creation
The debate about who invented the television and when continues today. This is explained by the fact that there were 2 technologies at the core and they were developed independently of each other. The first is a mechanical TV, the second is an electronic one.
Mechanical TV
The German engineer P. Nipkow invented a mechanical scanning device in 1884. It was a disk with spiral holes, due to which the picture was laid out into separate elements. As the disk rotated, light passed through it, resulting in the sequential formation of an image.
The inventor from Scotland D. Baird liked the “Nipkow disk”. He took it as a basis, developed it and created a full-fledged mechanical TV. There were already enough opportunities to amplify the signal at that time, and in 1925 Baird demonstrated a dynamic picture. In 1926, he began transmitting a signal via radio followed by displaying the image on a screen surface. This event began to be considered the first television connection, the first television broadcast.
Mechanical TV.
Electronic TV
The first in this direction was the Russian scientist B. Rosing. He immediately dismissed the mechanical principle of operation as unpromising. He was researching the inertia-free electron beam. The television receiver he created did not have a mechanical transmission, and such a device became the prototype of the TV familiar to everyone. The research did not end there - in 1911 he developed a kinescope.
Also involved in the electronic device is the scientist A. Archibald, who was engaged in theoretical research. In 1908, publishing in Nature, he substantiated the limitations of mechanics. He was interested in CRT technology. Subsequently, a scheme was developed, but it was identical to that created by Rogozin.
The Japanese scientist T. Kenjiro also stood out, who crossed a CRT and a Nipkow disk in one device. In 1920 he introduced TV, which had a resolution of 40 lines. The work did not end there, and already in 1927 a device was introduced that broadcast 100 lines, which improved the image quality.
American scientist F. Taylor also tried to improve the signal transmission system. He created an electronic analogue of the Nipkow disk. The device divided the picture into a set of electrical signals.
V. Zworykin saw promise in a CRT with electrostatic focusing. He primarily developed the receiving link, believing that a Nipkow disk was also suitable for signal transmission. His development was patented in 1935. Many TVs produced before the 70s were based on magnetic focusing. Televisions, as they are understood now, began to appear precisely after Zvorykin’s discovery.
Electronic TV.
First color TV
The creators of mechanical television receivers began to think about color images. The first development was created by I. Adamyan. In 1908, he received a patent for a device capable of transmitting a two-color signal. D. Brad also got involved, and in 1928 he introduced a television that sequentially transmitted images using 3 filters: blue, red and green.
All this was nothing more than attempts. Color television was widely developed after the Second World War, when all efforts were devoted to civilian production, that is, progress began. At the same time, decimeter waves began to be used to transmit pictures. So, in 1940, American scientists introduced “Triniscope” - a system with 3 picture tubes of different colors.
In the USSR, such developments saw the light only in 1951. And even then they were considered scarce until the end of the 80s.
Emergence of new technologies
With more shows and technological improvements, televisions like the Raytheon M 1601 became more popular than ever in the 1950s. The first color television system began broadcasting in 1953.
Companies continued to develop technology, so in 1960 the electronic remote control switch was invented for the RCA Victor TV. And the very first television remote control was introduced to consumers in 1950.
Ford Bronco 2021: details of the new SUV
I decided to help my friend improve her personal life, but she greatly regretted it
Under the ground (at a depth of 160 km), according to scientists, there are tons of diamonds
One invention that has caught the attention of consumers is the television oven from the 1950s. The hybrid invention allowed housewives to watch television in a television "window" and watch fried chicken in another oven window.
Classification of TVs
Television has been formed over many years, so it is customary to divide it into several types. So, there are devices that produce black and white and color images. Until 1950 there were only black and white devices. Color TV is characterized by 2 standards: NTSC and SECAM (still relevant in the world to this day).
Classification of TV according to the method of obtaining the picture:
- kinescope. You can’t watch digital broadcasting on this TV;
- liquid crystal (LCD). They are characterized by a detailed picture, low light consumption, but have small viewing angles.
Display backlight type:
- CCFL. For illumination, a cold cathode fluorescent lamp is used;
- LED. LED backlighting, characterized by low power consumption, high contrast and detail;
- QLED. A new technology that uses quantum dots for illumination.
The screens themselves are also different. There are: plasma, projection, OLED (organic diodes). Among the new models, displays with micro-light emitting diodes (MicroLED) are distinguished, which Samsung introduced in 2021.
QLED TV.
More and more amazing
Daytime broadcasting was introduced on Philco Tandem Predicta receivers in the 1950s and 1960s. This was done primarily for the benefit of housewives: the broadcast networks decided to accommodate their routines.
In the 1960s, fancy-designed televisions began to appear, including home entertainment centers. Manufactured in West Germany, the Kuba Komet was designed to meet all consumer entertainment needs. Reminiscent of a sailboat design, the Kuba Komet included both a phonograph and a television tuner.
Rotaru's granddaughter is dating a handsome millionaire, but her grandmother is against the wedding
The line between work and rest: how to cope with burnout while working remotely
Feelings. Inexpensive: what is the new Russian film “Ad Libitum Corporation” about?
Although color television proved popular, falling prices for black-and-white televisions such as the Marconiphone monochrome receiver meant that households in the 1970s could already afford more than one television. At this time, television increasingly captured the public consciousness.
The Sinclair Microvision was released in 1976 as a small portable television. In fact, its inventor, Clive Sinclair, suggested watching TV on the go.
Essentially similar to Sinclair's pocket TV, the Seiko TV Watch claimed to be the world's smallest TV. Seiko watches became a Guinness Book of Records record holder in 1983. They even became an attribute of spies in the 1985 James Bond film Octopussy.
Television in the USSR
The first television broadcast dated April 29, 1931. On October 1 of the same year, television programs began to be broadcast regularly. Not everyone could afford such equipment as a TV, so they organized places for collective viewing. The first mechanical models of television receivers could even be assembled by yourself - special diagrams were published in magazines.
The USSR government paid attention to the development of television broadcasting. During one of the “five-year plans”, in 1934, the first transmission with sound was launched.
The first television receivers were produced by Leningrad. Their work was based on the Nipkow disk - it was a set-top box with a 3 x 4 cm screen connected to a radio receiver.
Progress stopped with the outbreak of World War II and only resumed after 1945. In 1947, television receivers “Moskvich-T1” and “Leningrad-T1” began to be mass-produced. And in 1949, TV “KVN-49” was released, designed for the mass consumer.
On November 7, 1952, Leningrad Television decided to conduct a color television broadcast as an experiment. Four years later, the same center began producing color films.
TV receiver "Moskvich-T1".
The role of television in the development of electronics
Television receivers have been the most complex consumer electronic devices throughout their history. They had to be produced in large quantities and at the same time maintain an affordable price, which became the main driver of the development of world electronics.
At the first stages, they began to mass produce picture tubes: they automated previously manual work, introduced high-precision lines, and improved the lamps that illuminate the screen. Mass production required the introduction of robots. Later, with the advent of color TV, rare earth metals began to be used, which were later useful for the manufacture of LEDs and LCD matrices.
Old TVs had horizontal scanning, which became a powerful pulsed source of secondary power supply. A flyback circuit was developed at this node, which became a standard for various power supplies. Later, silicon transistors were used, which found application in other industries.
When color television receivers began to appear, the question of miniaturization arose. Since the 70s, semiconductor microcircuits have been used, which have not yet been used in other equipment.
Televisions are the first household devices to use microcontrollers. Also, TV was the first mass-produced device equipped with wireless remote control.
