Clogged capillary line
The capillary tube is designed to create a freon pressure difference. At its inlet, the refrigerant enters under condensation pressure. As it moves through the capillary tube, the freon pressure drops to boiling pressure; at the outlet, the refrigerant boils in the evaporator and takes heat from it. Along with freon, oil from the compressor circulates through the refrigerator tubes. The refrigerant reacts with the oil, resulting in the formation of paraffins, which are deposited in the capillary tube and lead to its clogging.
| Signs | Remedy | Price* |
| The Atlant refrigerator compressor does not turn off, but the temperature in the chambers is increased. It is possible that a red light with an exclamation mark is on on the refrigerator body, and in models with a display, the error H flashes on the screen. | The capillary tube will need to be replaced. The filter drier is changed along with it. Next, the system is evacuated and the refrigerator is charged with freon. If the blockage is partial, the technician pushes it out using a specially converted car jack. | from 1800 rub. |
*Parts are not included in the price and are paid additionally.
Compressor fault
The compressor is the main component of the refrigerator. It circulates freon through the pipeline system. The motor fails due to:
- breakage of windings: working, starting or both at once;
- interturn short circuit in the working or starting windings;
- jamming: the compressor hums, but does not create pressure.
| Signs | Remedy | Price* |
| The motor turns on and immediately turns off, hums, but does not pump refrigerant, or does not turn on at all. At the same time, the light in the refrigerator compartment is on. Perhaps the “Attention” indicator with an exclamation mark on the control panel of the Atlant refrigerator lights up red, and in models with a screen, the error H flashes on the display. | It is necessary to replace the compressor, filter drier and refill the refrigerator with freon. | from 1900 rub. |
*Parts are not included in the price and must be paid separately.
Refrigerator wiring diagrams
refrigerator wiring diagram
refrigerator wiring diagram
These two schemes are absolutely identical in their presentation. Both in the circuit diagram and in the wiring diagram of the refrigerator, we can draw our attention to the fact that the electrical circuit consists of two lines:
- power, from which the compressor motor is powered;
- lighting, where the electrical circuit has connections to the light switch and the electric lamp.
Reading the electrical diagram of the refrigerator:
The working stator winding of the electric motor is connected in series through:
- electromagnetic coil of the PR starting relay;
- protective relay ZR;
- thermostat contacts.
This electrical circuit \see electrical diagram\ is a power circuit, since it is connected to an electric motor and the second electrical circuit is lighting.
The lighting circuit consists of two elements:
- electric lamps;
- light switch.
Now, in order to better master this topic, let's move on to an explanation of the wiring diagram of the refrigerator:
The end of the starting winding is connected to the contact of the starting relay. As we can see, the start relay contact is in the open position.
When the thermostat contacts are open (see wiring diagram), current flows to the working winding of the stator of the electric motor.
The light switch contacts complete an electrical circuit when the refrigerator door is opened. At the same time, when the refrigerator is turned on, when the contacts:
- thermostat;
- thermal relay
are in the closed position, the contacts of the starting relay close. After the electric motor rotor has gained momentum, the contacts of the starting relay open, that is, the electrical circuit for this section is disconnected.
This is the very essence of the principle of operation of the starting protective relay, as you understood after opening the contacts of the starting relay - the electric motor begins to work with one, working winding.
It turns out something like this:
When the contacts of the starting relay are closed, with the starting winding turned on, through the circuit:
- start relay;
- thermal relay,
— the total current of both windings flows:
- working;
- launcher
And what can happen if the thermal protection relay malfunctions? If the starting relay malfunctions, if the contacts do not return to their original open position, the current load will increase for both the starting and operating stator windings of the electric motor.
The same thing happens if the thermal relay malfunctions, a current load will be created on both stator windings. What might happen as a result? — Burnout of the stator windings of the electric motor may occur.
Thermostat failure (in refrigerators with electromechanical controls)
The thermostat is an important part of the refrigerator. Based on its signals, the cooling of the chambers is turned on and off. Thus, the thermostat maintains the set temperature in the freezer or refrigerator compartments. The thermostat consists of a mechanism and a thermocouple, the end of which is located in the evaporator or led into the chamber.
| Signs | Remedy | Price* |
Depending on the nature of the thermostat failure, the Atlant refrigerator:
| The thermostat needs to be replaced. | from 1600 rub. |
*Spare parts are not included in the price and must be paid separately.
Schemes and principles of operation of a single-chamber refrigerator
When choosing equipment, few people are interested in how the device works and why it does so. Most buyers obsess over size and features. But it is what is inside the device that determines how it works. Therefore, let’s look at the structural diagram and operating principle of a single-chamber refrigerator.
In such units, cooling occurs from the main evaporator (it is located at the top of the refrigerator), air flows down, cooling the temperature in the refrigerator compartment. To prevent the temperature from dropping quickly, a tray with small holes is located under the evaporator (by opening/closing the temperature in the chamber is regulated). Scheme of work:
- the compressor pumps out vapors from the evaporator, pumps them into the condenser, then they are cooled;
- condense and pass into the liquid phase;
- the liquid enters the evaporator, picks up thermal energy, thereby cooling the refrigerator.
The scheme is carried out cyclically until the temperature on the evaporator reaches the desired level, then the compressor is turned off. The chamber maintains the set temperature, despite the high external temperature, thanks to the thermostat, which restarts the compressor.
Single-chamber Ardo, Pozis, Upo have such circuits.
Malfunction of the evaporator defrost system in Atlant refrigerators with Full No Frost
The Full No Frost system consists of a defrost sensor (defroster), a heating element, a timer and a fuse. The evaporator in such models is located in the freezer, and the cooling of the refrigerator is carried out by a special fan, which drives cold air from the freezer evaporator into the refrigerator compartment.
In normal defrosting mode, when the evaporator temperature becomes too low, the defroster is activated and the heating element is turned on, which thaws the ice formed on the evaporator. Thanks to the defrost system, the refrigerator with No Frost does not need to be defrosted. If it breaks down, one or several defrost units fail, so ice draws in the evaporator, cuts off the supply of cold air to the refrigeration chamber, and it stops cooling.
| Signs | Remedy | Price* |
| Ice appeared in the freezer compartment of the Atlant refrigerator. The refrigerator compartment does not cool well or does not cool at all. In models with a display, the H error may flash on the display. After complete defrosting, the refrigerator works normally for one or two weeks, and then the symptoms recur. | The defrost system needs to be repaired. | from 1400 rub. |
*Price is for labor only, spare parts are paid separately.
Freon leak
The leak is typical for refrigerators over 5 years old. The most common places for leaks:
- “Crying” evaporator in Atlant refrigerators with drip defrost in the refrigeration compartment. The reason is the aluminum evaporator. It corrodes, microcracks form and the refrigerant escapes through them.
- The heating circuit for the perimeter of the freezer is made of steel, so in conditions of high humidity it quickly rusts and leaks occur.
- The places where the pipeline is factory soldered (locking joints) lose their tightness over time, and freon evaporates through microcracks.
| Signs | Remedy | Price* |
| In the Atlant two-compressor refrigerator, the temperature in the refrigerator or freezer compartment is increased. The compressor corresponding to the chamber works without switching off or does not turn on at all. The capacitor of the faulty chamber is cold. In single-compressor Atlant models, both chambers are poorly cooled and frozen, although the refrigerator motor runs without interruption. The condenser is cold. As the refrigerant evaporates, the compressor stops turning on. There may be an uneven build-up of ice in the refrigerator compartment. In both cases, the red “Attention” light on the refrigerator body lights up, and Atlant models with a display may show error H on the display. | The technician identifies the location of the leak and:
Then, the technician changes the filter drier, pressurizes the refrigeration system (this is how its tightness is checked), vacuums and refills the refrigerator with freon. | from 2000 rub. |
*Spare parts are not included in the price and are paid additionally.
Leak in the “crying” evaporator
The evaporator of a refrigeration chamber with a drip defrost system is called “crying”. It works as follows. While the motor is running, light frost forms on the rear wall of the chamber, which thaws after the compressor is turned off due to the positive temperature in the compartment, and the moisture flows in droplets through the drainage hole into the bath on the compressor. The “crying” evaporator is the weak point in Atlant refrigerators. It is made of aluminum, which is susceptible to corrosion. Because of this, microcracks appear in the evaporator and the refrigerant evaporates. In single-compressor refrigerators with drip defrost, the evaporator connections of the refrigerator and freezer compartments also leak.
| Signs | Remedy | Price* |
| In Atlant refrigerators with two compressors, the freezer compartment freezes well, but the refrigerator compartment cools poorly, although the refrigerator compartment motor runs constantly and does not turn off. It is possible that an uneven coat has formed in the refrigerator compartment in the upper corner. If the refrigerator is not turned off, then soon the motor of the refrigerator compartment will stop working and the chamber will stop cooling. In refrigerators with one compressor, both chambers do not work. The motor runs constantly or, conversely, does not turn on. The refrigerator condenser is cold, and a fur coat may have formed inside the refrigerator compartment in the upper corner. | The “crying” evaporator is located in the foamed part of the Atlant refrigerator, and it is impossible to get to it without damaging the thermal insulation of the cabinet. Therefore, the old evaporator is cut off and a new evaporator is hung on the back wall inside the refrigerator compartment. Next, the technician carries out standard procedures for any opening of the refrigeration system:
| from 1800 rub. |
* Prices shown are for labor only, spare parts are paid separately.
Schemes and principles of operation of a two-chamber single-compressor
A refrigerator compressor consists of an electric motor with a vertically mounted rotor and a piston that compresses the refrigerant. These components are housed in a metal housing made of two halves. They are welded together; replacement of elements is not provided. In case of breakdown, the entire compressor is replaced completely.
The motor is controlled using a relay. It is connected to temperature sensors that analyze the conditions in the cooking chamber and in the freezer.
In modern models, the electrical circuit contains an additional ground loop.
A household single-compressor refrigerator uses isobutane or freon as a refrigerant. The gas is under pressure in the cooling circuit. On the back of the device there is a tube for refilling it if necessary.
View » How to turn off the freezer in an Atlant refrigerator
The refrigerant in liquid state is pumped by the compressor into the condenser. There it is compressed, and the condenser radiator removes the excess heat that is released. During the compression process, moisture is also released, which is removed by a filter at the bottom of the heat exchanger. Through the capillary channel, the substance enters the evaporator of the freezer. There the refrigerant transitions from liquid to gaseous state. The gas enters the compressor through the tubes.
The fundamental difference between a single-chamber refrigerator with one compressor and a two-chamber Atlant is that the latter has a partition between the working chambers. Each of them has its own evaporator, they are cooled separately.
Leakage in the freezer perimeter heating circuit
A steel tube is located around the perimeter of the freezer compartment in the Atlant two-chamber refrigerator and is designed to remove condensate. Thanks to this, the perimeter of the freezer is heated, which prevents the formation of condensation. The tube is made of steel, so in wet conditions, it rots within the first five years of operation, which leads to freon leakage.
| Signs | Remedy | Price* |
| Traces of rust around the perimeter of the freezer. The temperature is increased only in the freezer compartment (for two-compressor Atlant models) or in both compartments (for refrigerators with one motor). The compressor works without turning off, or does not turn on at all. In single-compressor models with a “crying” evaporator, ice may have formed on the rear wall. | The technician cuts off the heating circuit, seals the tubes directly, changes the filter-drier, evacuates the system and fills it with freon. Condensation will form around the perimeter of the freezer, but this will not affect the operation of the refrigerator. | from 2000 rub. |
*Spare parts are not included in the price; they are paid additionally.
Frequent malfunctions of the Atlant refrigerator compressor
Works nonstop
Careful and attentive attitude towards household appliances will allow you to quickly respond to incorrect operation of the units. Especially when the refrigerator defrosts or there is a power outage. If the compressor is running non-stop, the best solution would be to call an experienced technician.
The reasons for this problem include:
- Refrigerant leak, which leads to a decrease in freon in the freezer. Often this problem can be solved quickly and inexpensively.
- The compressor is constantly running - this is due to depressurization of the capillary tube and, as a result, blockage in the system.
- The sealing gum has dried out, it is impossible to achieve the set temperature inside, and as a result, the motor runs non-stop to maintain the optimal temperature and wears out.
If your refrigerator has an inverter compressor, then after reaching the set temperature it continues to operate at low speeds in energy saving mode. This operation of the unit is considered normal. This type of refrigerator includes Samsung models.
The compressor is running non-stop and needs urgent repairs. The compressor and other parts of the unit wear out and overheat very quickly, which leads to major, expensive breakdowns. The refrigerator compressor is hot - a reason to contact the service technicians.
It buzzes but won't start
Extraneous noise in the operation of a new refrigerator is often associated with the presence of transportation bolts. If you are dealing with new equipment from the Atlant or Beko brands, then you need to check the fastenings on the compressor.
If the engine hums but does not start, then timely contacting a specialist will help solve the problem quickly and efficiently:
- This happens when a pipe bursts.
- The thermostat is broken, technicians will replace the part at home.
Turns on and off immediately
Different models of refrigerators from Bosch, Sharp, Gorenje, Siemens differ in operating and downtime times. It also depends on the room temperature, the presence of heating devices near the device, and the set temperature regime. If the refrigerator compressor turns on and turns off after a few seconds, then the unit is faulty.
The refrigerator is operational when operating for 11 minutes and resting for 15 minutes, but 2 minutes of operation after 15 idle minutes is far from normal. When operating this way, the appliance does not reach the set temperature, which has a bad effect on food storage; repair of the refrigerator at home is necessary.
Main malfunctions of refrigerators in operating mode:
- The start-up relay, which protects the motor from overloads, is faulty. The refrigerator turns off and users hear a clicking sound. A part needs to be replaced.
- The electric motor has failed: the internal winding has broken; a specialist must be called.
- The compressor heats up due to the fact that the start relay winding breaks, and the refrigerator turns off. In this case, the part cannot be repaired. Replacement cost depends on the model.
Compressor start protection relay malfunction
The start-up protection relay performs two functions in the refrigerator: firstly, it helps the motor start, and secondly, it performs a protective function when the current increases. When the current flowing through the working winding of the motor increases sharply, for example, when jamming or an interturn short circuit in the compressor, the relay breaks the circuit and turns off the motor.
| Signs | Remedy | Price* |
| An Atlant two-chamber refrigerator with one compressor does not turn on or turns on and immediately turns off. The red “Attention” light with an exclamation point may be on. However, the light in the refrigerator compartment does not come on. In two-compressor models, exactly the same thing happens, only for one chamber: refrigeration or freezer. | The start protection relay needs to be replaced. | from 1600 rub. |
*Price is for labor only, spare parts are paid separately.
Seal damage
The seal is wrinkled, the door does not fit tightly to the refrigerator body, and warm air enters the chamber. The seal of the refrigerator compartment is damaged more often because it is used more often.
| Signs | Remedy | Price* |
| The door of the Atlant refrigerator does not fit tightly to the body. The compressor rarely turns off. It is possible that the emergency alarm has gone off: the red “Attention” light with an exclamation mark has come on, and in models with a screen, the error H has flashed on the display. The refrigerator may also beep. | The rubber seal needs to be replaced. | from 1200 rub. |
*The cost is for labor only, spare parts are paid additionally.
Drain clogged
A typical malfunction for two types of Atlant refrigerators:
- with “drip” defrosting in the refrigeration chamber;
- with No Frost defrost system in both chambers.
In the first case, the drainage of the refrigerator compartment is clogged, in the second - the freezer. The drainage channel usually becomes clogged with dust and/or food debris.
| Signs | Remedy | Price* |
| In the Atlant two-chamber refrigerator with “drip” defrosting in the refrigerator compartment and manual defrosting in the freezer, water accumulates under the drawers for vegetables and fruits. | It is necessary to rinse the drainage channel with a syringe with warm water. If this does not help clear the blockage, the drainage hole is cleared with a cable or wire. Just do this carefully so as not to damage the drainage tube. | from 1100 rub. |
| In a two-chamber Atlant refrigerator with a Full No Frost defrost system, water and ice form at the bottom of the freezer. Perhaps water is leaking out and a puddle appears under the refrigerator. | It is necessary to disassemble the back wall of the freezer. Behind it is the No Frost evaporator, at the bottom of which there is a drainage hole. As in the first case, you need to try to rinse it with a syringe or clean it with a cable, after defrosting the refrigerator. |
*Prices are for labor only; spare parts, if required for repairs, are paid additionally.
Diagram and principle of operation of a two-chamber
The operating schemes for obtaining sub-zero temperatures in a two-chamber refrigeration unit and positive temperatures are different.
In such household appliances, there is a heat-insulating partition between the freezer and refrigerator compartments; each compartment has its own evaporator. The unit operates on the following principle: using a compressor, freon is supplied to the freezer (a group of saturated aliphatic fluorinated hydrocarbons, used in refrigeration units). This gas boils and evaporates, entering the air cooler, and its surface temperature decreases.
This process is repeated until the temperature drops below zero. Gas is not directed to the air cooler of the refrigeration chamber, since no cooling occurs in it. However, after the freezer compartment has completely cooled, the refrigerant enters the refrigeration evaporator.
In refrigeration compartments with a small volume, an air cooler is placed, the dimensions are significantly smaller than the evaporator of the freezer. The temperature in the refrigerator compartment is always above 0, and on average 4-6 degrees Celsius.
The photo shows the electrical circuit of a two-chamber refrigerator. Such schemes are from, “Ariston”, “Veko”, “Combustion”, “Samsung”.
