Rating of the TOP 15 best solid fuel boilers

Wood-burning boiler - which one to choose and how to get around the disadvantages

Firewood remains the main fuel in many regions. Wood-burning boilers are still in demand; they are widely sold and made independently. Heating with a wood boiler, meanwhile, is the most economical, both in terms of equipment and fuel. In some areas, firewood may be completely free, or extremely cheap. The main disadvantage of such heating is the duty cycle of a solid fuel boiler, which we have now learned to significantly reduce (we will look further at how this is done...).

Cheap wood boiler

Some boiler models are quite cheap in themselves, they are simple, nothing extra. Wood boiler design:

• Housing - water jacket - heat exchanger. This is the main unit of the boiler through which the coolant moves and in which heating occurs.
• The grate on which the firewood is placed. Air is supplied to them from below. In expensive versions, the grill itself consists of tubes and is also part of the heat exchanger.
• Ash pan with damper, air supply regulator. Located at the bottom.
• The outlet to the chimney, the place where the exhaust pipe is connected. By the way, it is the chimney that determines the entire operation of the boiler and creates natural draft. Therefore, all attention to him - the features of the chimney for a solid fuel boiler

Solid fuel boilers come with horizontal and vertical loading (shaft type). There is no deep fundamental difference between them, let's just say that they are more common with horizontal loading, with the front door of the combustion chamber.

Gravity heating or pump heating

There are boilers designed for gravity flow of liquid. They have minimal internal resistance and large pipeline connection diameters. But most are designed for forced supply of coolant using a pump. If heating is created anew, it is recommended to select exclusively forced fluid movement in the system.

The specialist advised: Even in a bad situation, it is better to refuse gravity feeding. This system is 2 times more expensive due to the large diameters, and you cannot connect anything additional to it (warm floor...). It is better to invest the money saved in an uninterruptible power supply to power the pump.

But where there is no energy - recommendations for creating gravity heating

Making a wood-burning boiler yourself

Metal and welding craftsmen make wood-burning boilers in garages and cooperatives. They come out cheaper, but can work more reliably and longer than factory ones.

An example manufacturing diagram is given below as one of the options.

The process of assembling a wood-burning boiler on video:

How to make a long burn so as not to be on duty at the boiler

The best “long-term burning” is a regular wood-burning boiler, but with increased power, together with a buffer tank. Yes, this option is quite expensive in terms of equipment, but it provides more comfort.

• You can light up and heat the house as quickly as possible.
• Also - at full power, and quickly heat a lot of hot water for the bath - hot water.
• Warm up the container in one or two bookmarks overnight, and do not use the firebox until the morning. You can leave it for a day with cooling, since the house is empty during the day, until the evening....

Pyrolysis, long burning

You can come across recommendations from experts who generally do not recommend messing with the so-called “long burning”, barrel-shaped wood-burning boilers with huge piles of firewood.

• You can’t squeeze more power out of them if necessary.
• It is not possible to quickly regulate the temperature in the house.
• For the off-season they give extra energy - the expenses are in vain.
• They coke quickly, are difficult to clean, you need some kind of firewood with a minimum release of volatiles, where to look for such?
• Too expensive.

The expert stated: Instead of investing money in the burning time of a large pile of firewood, it is better to increase the heat capacity inside the house (massive heavy elements), as well as inside the heating system (buffer), and increase the power of the heat-generating equipment...

The little secret of good heating with wood

For anyone who has ever been involved with heating with wood, it is no secret that damp logs burn poorly and you cannot get heat from them. Anyone who heats a lot avoids wet firewood completely, and if there is any, leave it to dry under a canopy for a year. It is known that the calorific value of firewood with a humidity of 20% (ordinary dry firewood) is about 4.0 kW/kg, and with a humidity of 40% it is only 2.6 kW/kg. A huge amount of energy will go into evaporating water.

Firewood can be dried before burning, just like everything else - in a warm place. You can save a lot if you organize express drying before putting it in the oven for two weeks. In the furnace room they simply put connected old cast-iron radiators and store firewood on them for a week's supply. Reducing humidity by even 5% will result in significant savings in money and energy for heating the house, which would have been wasted.

Data on the calorific value of firewood at different humidity levels

Choosing a wood boiler for your home

Several design options that are popular today. Models of wood-burning boilers are given as examples; you can choose similar ones from another company.

Inexpensive and simple models, for example - ZOTA Master 14.

Typically, a power of 12 - 18 kW is enough for a small dacha and home, and sometimes even with a reserve. What is important about this model is that it is modern, energy efficient and has a removable hob - “just right for a summer house.”

An option that can be considered as the main boiler for a small house - up to 250 sq. m. for working with buffer capacity. For example Buderus Logano S111-2-32. Reliability is above all - European quality guarantees durability.

Power - 30 - 40 kW, important - secondary air supply and the possibility of afterburning gases, the ability to work in smoldering mode.

Pyrolysis long-term combustion is now newfangled, and a large wood-burning boiler with a pyrolysis process inside will appeal to many...

Geyser PK-20, with a constantly maintained power of 20 kW for a small house, but the boiler itself is more expensive.

How to choose and what to pay attention to?

When choosing a solid fuel boiler, you should pay attention to the following aspects:

• Heating area is a key characteristic specified by the manufacturer for certain climatic conditions.
• Types of fuel - not all boilers are “omnivorous” and can operate on any type of fuel, like a regular stove. Many modern models are sensitive to fuel and will not provide the characteristics specified by the manufacturer, and advanced options may even fail if you try to load them with the wrong fuel.
• Energy independence - most models do not depend on electricity, but pellet models are equipped with electronic sensors and automatic fuel supply, and therefore require additional uninterrupted power supply from a single-phase or three-phase network.

The best solid fuel boilers price/quality

Protherm Beaver 50 DLO 39 kW

Classic solid fuel boiler, burning wood and coal . An open combustion chamber requires a stationary chimney.

The maximum thermal power is 39 kW, which is enough to heat a room with an area of ​​up to 300 sq.m.

Built-in thermometer and pressure gauge allow you to monitor the condition of the heating system.

The control is mechanical and requires a certain skill from the operator. The device is quite bulky in size and weight and requires a separate boiler room.

The weight and dimensions are due to the high quality of materials, cast iron doors and boiler body.

Specifications:

• Type: classic;
• Circuits: single-circuit;
• Energy independence: yes;
• Combustion chamber: open;
• Efficiency: 90.2%;
• Placement: floor;
• Fuel type: wood, coal.

pros

• power;
• quality of materials;
• 8 sections;
• uniform heating.

Minuses

• the bottom heats up;
• price;
• weight and dimensions.

Stropuva Mini S8 8 kW

A long-burning unit that runs on wood and wood briquettes . The low power will allow heating rooms with a total area of ​​up to 80 sq.m.

Does not depend on communications and electricity, a good option for a cottage or country house.

Maintains temperature up to 20 hours . It does not cause any trouble in assembly and installation, and is sold fully assembled.

Economical, fuel consumption is low.

Compact dimensions go together with a bright appearance - an additional aesthetic plus.

But, despite its dimensions, it is very heavy - the device weighs 145 kg, so assistance will be required during transportation and installation.

Specifications:

• Type: long burning;
• Circuits: single-circuit;
• Energy independence: yes;
• Combustion chamber: open;
• Efficiency: 85%;
• Placement: floor;
• Fuel type: firewood, wood briquettes.

pros

• economical fuel consumption;
• long-term heat retention;
• compactness;
• design.

Minuses

• the fuel window is located low;
• weight.

Teplodar Kupper Praktik 14 14 kW

The classic single-circuit model is capable of heating a room with an area of ​​up to 140 sq.m., however, the greatest efficiency is achieved with an area of ​​up to 80 sq.m..

It works not only on wood and coal, but also on peat briquettes, which ensures the efficiency of the model.

Suitable for systems with forced water circulation.

Small dimensions, deep firebox, steel heat exchanger and pre-installed heating element to maintain temperature are the parameters for which the model is popular.

A spacious ash pan will reduce the number of cleanings . In terms of power and price ratio, it is one of the most profitable boilers.

Specifications:

• Type: classic;
• Circuits: single-circuit;
• Energy independence: yes;
• Combustion chamber: open;
• Efficiency: 90%;
• Placement: floor;
• Fuel type: firewood, coal, peat briquettes.

pros

• budget;
• quality and reliability of design;
• deep firebox;
• spacious ash pan;
• small size and weight.

Minuses

• fuel burns out quickly;
• thin body walls.

The best long-burning solid fuel boilers

Stropuva S30 30 kW

Powerful single-circuit boiler with a heated area of ​​up to 300 sq.m. Suitable for private homes, businesses and agricultural premises.

Works on both wood and wood briquettes.

The combustion zone moves smoothly from top to bottom during operation.

The maintenance process includes regular cleaning of the ash pan and chimney.

The shape of the body allows you to save space during installation, and the volume of the firebox can accommodate up to 80 kg of fuel.

Adjusting the air will extend the burning time to 31 hours. The steel body does not heat up during operation.

Specifications:

• Circuits: single-circuit;
• Energy independence: yes;
• Combustion chamber: open;
• Efficiency: 85%;
• Placement: floor;
• Fuel type: firewood, wood briquettes.

pros

• duration of operation on one fuel load;
• uniform heating;
• efficiency;
• large heating area.

Minuses

• price;
• weight.

Teplodar Cooper Expert-15

The power of this unit is sufficient to heat rooms with an area of ​​up to 150 sq.m. Powered by electricity on single-phase and three-phase voltage.

A design feature is the ability to connect gas or pellet burners.

The model does not have a control panel, but has a built-in thermometer and pressure gauge.

The chimney diameter is 15 cm. Additionally, it has a pre-installed heating element to maintain the temperature.

The coolant temperature ranges from 50 to 95 degrees and produces water pressure in the heating circuit of up to 3 bar.

Specifications:

• Circuits: single-circuit;
• Combustion chamber: open;
• Efficiency: 85%;
• Placement: floor;
• Mains voltage: single-phase/three-phase;
• Fuel type: wood, coal.

pros

• high-quality assembly;
• long service life;
• power;
• reliability.

Minuses

• energy dependence;
• no burner included.

Teplodar Cooper Expert-45

of heating large areas up to 450 sq.m. The steel heat exchanger has a long service life, the built-in pre-installed heating element produces power up to 9 kW.

The entire structure has rather large dimensions and weight, which is due to the total power.

Does not have a control panel.

It is possible to connect a gas or pellet burner.

High-quality assembly ensures a long period of use of the boiler even in harsh northern winters.

Specifications:

• Circuits: single-circuit;
• Combustion chamber: open;
• Efficiency: 85%;
• Placement: floor;
• Mains voltage: single-phase/three-phase;
• Fuel type: wood, coal.

pros

• high-quality assembly;
• long service life;
• power;
• reliability.

Minuses

• energy dependence;
• uneconomical.

Long burning boilers

Such devices operate for 24 hours with 1 load of fuel, and sometimes more. There are several types of equipment - mine boilers and top combustion units (i.e., layer-by-layer smoldering).

The products of the Lithuanian brand “Stropuva” are popular. For example, to heat a house with an area of ​​170-180 square meters. m suitable boiler Stropuva S20. It can operate on 1 load of fuel for up to 30 hours. The efficiency is 85%. This is a non-volatile device that does not require a stable power supply.

The best solid fuel boilers with a water circuit

Kentatsu ELEGANT-03 17 kW

Classic single-circuit unit with cast iron heat exchanger . The increased surface of the heat exchanger is provided by additional fins, which increases the efficiency of the boiler.

The maximum coolant temperature is 90 degrees at a pressure of 4 bar.

The power of the equipment is sufficient to heat a room up to 170 sq.m.

The design of the device ensures uniform heating of all rooms.

The long-life boiler grates are water-cooled. An additional advantage is the support for a mechanical thermostat and a thermometer on the front panel of the boiler.

Specifications:

• Type: classic;
• Circuits: single-circuit;
• Energy independence: yes;
• Combustion chamber: open;
• Efficiency: 90%;
• Placement: floor;
• Fuel type: wood, coal;
• Circulation pump/expansion tank: no/no.

pros

• high-quality grate bars;
• productivity;
• thermometer and thermostat.

Minuses

• price;
• weight.

Lemax Forward-16 17 kW

Economical single-circuit unit running on coal, wood and coke . Optimal for private houses with an area of ​​up to 170 sq.m.

Maintains system pressure up to 2 bar. Top loading allows the use of large firewood and flammable debris.

Long warranty period is an additional bonus.

It is distinguished by its reliable design and materials, high-quality assembly.

A compact heat exchanger, heat-resistant coating, coolant temperature up to 95 degrees are among the additional advantages of the model.

The disadvantages are the relatively low efficiency and the need to frequently add fuel.

Specifications:

• Type: classic;
• Circuits: single-circuit;
• Energy independence: yes;
• Combustion chamber: open;
• Efficiency: 75%;
• Placement: floor;
• Fuel type: wood, coal, coke;
• Circulation pump/expansion tank: no/no.

pros

• reliability and quality;
• top loading;
• low cost;
• power.

Minuses

• efficiency;
• It is necessary to frequently load fuel portions.

ZOTA Topol M 14 14 kW

Compact model, designed for a private house with an area of ​​up to 80 sq.m. A distinctive design feature is the elevation of the entire structure, which makes cleaning the ash pan easier.

The built-in temperature sensor allows for greater control and more efficient fuel consumption.

Powered by coal and wood . The control is mechanical and requires regular monitoring by the operator.

Easy to install and operate, has small dimensions.

Due to the characteristics of the walls, it requires space for placement despite its size . In terms of price-quality ratio, it is one of the leading in many ratings.

Specifications:

• Type: classic;
• Circuits: single-circuit;
• Energy independence: yes;
• Combustion chamber: open;
• Efficiency: 75%;
• Placement: floor;
• Fuel type: wood, coal;
• Circulation pump/expansion tank: no/no.

pros

• dimensions;
• power;
• value for money;
• holds heat well.

Minuses

• efficiency;
• The walls of the housing heat up.

Ten best models of solid fuel boilers

10+. ZOTA Pellet 100A

This is a pellet-type boiler, which is characterized by a high level of automation of the process, when the device is capable of operating for several days without additional refueling with flammable materials. The design includes a screw fuel supply and an inflatable fan; it is perfect for the harsh Russian climatic conditions. The maximum power of the equipment is 100 kW, the volume of the fuel bunker is 606 liters. Due to the screw feed, absolute protection against overheating is ensured, and it also prevents flame from penetrating into the fuel storage bunker.

The built-in thermostat sends the device into standby mode when the required temperature is reached. The boiler is connected to the electrical network, from which all automation functions; it has automatic ignition. The main parameters are adjusted using the buttons located on the device body. Automation allows you to keep daily fuel consumption under full control, making the boiler’s operation more efficient and economical. Additionally, you can install a GSM module that allows you to remotely regulate the temperature in the system. The unit is able to heat a building up to 800 square meters.

Advantages:

• Screw fuel supply;
• Availability of an electronic control system for all elements;
• High power;
• High efficiency - about 90%.

Flaws:

• The need to connect to the electrical network;
• Considerable weight of the device.

Pellet boiler Zota ZOTA Pellet 100A

ACV TKAN 100

A fully automated device that uses coal, wood chips, firewood, etc. as fuel. It is characterized by a high efficiency - about 93%, fuel consumption is low - from 8 kg per hour when the boiler is set to maximum performance parameters. The boiler is absolutely safe during operation thanks to its fully sealed combustion chamber and forced air supply. The fuel supply mechanism is equipped with a fire damper.

The convective part is equipped with a pneumatic cleaning system; for the convenience of using solid fuel, there are special grates. The maximum heated area is 300 square meters. m. The highest pressure in the heating system is 3 bar. The device is equipped with automatic equipment, powered by electricity, so the boiler needs to be connected to the network, the burner ignites independently. Basic settings are set using a special remote control located on the unit body.

Advantages:

• Not the largest mass of the product;
• High rated power and efficiency;
• Availability of electronic automation, ensuring safe operation and compliance with all set modes;
• Fuel is supplied using a screw mechanism.

Flaws:

• High price.

Long burning boiler ACV TKAN 100

ZOTA Topol M 20

The boiler is highly reliable and has a very attractive design solution. The fuel loading is vertical, an automatic draft regulator is provided, there is a gas burner connected directly to a household gas pipeline or to a cylinder, and there is a reliable heating element.

The maximum heated area is 150 square meters with a ceiling height of 3 meters. In the heating system, the highest pressure is 3 atmospheres, its volume is designed for 54 liters. The housing has good thermal insulation. Under the decorative casing there is a water jacket that prevents the boiler from overheating; it is additionally covered with basalt cardboard, due to which heat loss is minimal. The combustion door is equipped with a lock; one load of fuel burns out within about 12 hours. The boiler must be connected to a natural chimney, since its design does not include a fan.

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Advantages:

• The burner is economical, due to which fuel consumption is reduced and thermal power is increased;
• Autonomous control;
• Possibility to use several types of solid fuel;
• Significant efficiency indicators - over 90%;
• Reliable assembly;

Flaws:

• Heavy weight.

ZOTA Topol M 20

Teplodar Cooper Praktik 8

The device is intended for placement in residential buildings and other premises, the area of ​​which should be in the range from 40 to 80 square meters. m. The product is universal; accordingly, it can be used in both closed and open heating systems. The method of coolant circulation does not play a special role - the device works stably with both artificial and natural methods. The boiler can be used as an independent source of thermal energy, but it is often installed as an addition to existing systems running on gas, electricity or liquid fuel. The boiler comes with a poker, a thermometer, a rotary valve and a screw. The device is characterized by small overall dimensions - it occupies a minimum amount of space in the room.

If necessary, the design can be improved with the help of an automatic draft regulator. This device allows you to control the combustion intensity, which significantly saves fuel. The product is suitable for any heating systems made even from small-volume polymer pipes, but in this case they must be connected through a special capacitive-type hydraulic separator. The convector casing here is of a perforated type, due to which the room where the boiler is located is additionally heated. The supply pipe is located on the upper surface of the structure; it is able to provide universal connection and protect the system from air entering it. The firebox is inclined, the fuel is evenly distributed in it. The damper-damper is made of cast iron; it can be used to protect the room from spilling smoldering slag and coals.

Advantages:

• Universal products that can operate on any solid fuel;
• Absolutely safe and well thought out design;
• High efficiency and efficiency.

Flaws:

• Requires placement in a separate room;
• The installation is quite complicated - it’s problematic to do it yourself.

Teplodar Cooper Praktik 8

ZOTA Yenisei 12

It has a very deep firebox, so it will be possible to load firewood up to 60 cm long into it. The firebox door is made at a certain angle, so it will be much more convenient to fill the combustion chamber with bulk fuel. The loading and ash doors fit quite tightly to the main body of the boiler, do not let combustion products into the room, and air will not enter the combustion chamber through them. This, in turn, will have a positive effect on cravings. You can control the combustion process with a special air supply damper. There is a thermometer on the side wall of the device that shows the temperature of the water leaving the boiler. If necessary, you can install a mechanical draft regulator, but you will have to purchase it separately - it is not supplied with the boiler.

Electricity can be used as an auxiliary heat source. For this purpose, the boiler is equipped with special stainless steel heaters. The water jacket is located along the entire contour of the boiler, including under the ash pan. Due to this feature of the device, the amount of heat transferred to the coolant increases, and deformation of the ash drawer also does not occur. Advantages:

• Decent efficiency indicator;
• Can work with any solid fuel;
• It is possible to install additional parts;
• High quality workmanship;
• The doors fit tightly to the body.

Flaws:

• Servicing the device is somewhat problematic.

ZOTA Yenisei 12

EVAN WARMOS TT-18

This boiler can be used not only for residential, but also for industrial or agricultural premises. It can be used either as primary or additional heating equipment. The main rule is that it must be located in a room equipped with a natural ventilation system. For higher efficiency, the device is equipped with a flue gas combustion system.

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The design has a heating element and a reliable draft adjustment system. The main function of the heating element is to maintain the water temperature to prevent the heating system from defrosting. The unit operates on the basis of natural circulation of water due to temperature differences, however, the pipes will need to be positioned in such a way that the coolant can pass through the system independently. If it cannot be ensured, then you will have to additionally install a circulation pump and an expansion tank that has direct contact with atmospheric air. The maximum pressure at which this boiler can operate is 5 bar. The unit is designed for an area of ​​up to 120 square meters.

Advantages:

• Easy to install;
• Reliable build quality;
• Possibility of using any solid fuel.

Flaws:

• The position of the damper must be adjusted manually to prevent excessive fuel consumption;
• Rapid fuel burnout.

EVAN WARMOS TT-18

Lemax Forward-16

It is a fairly simple device with nothing superfluous. The design is very reliable, does not require maintenance, and has a reasonable price. The body is made of decorative metal panels. Behind it lies a layer of thermal insulation, under which there is a housing made of low-carbon steel 4 mm thick. The fuel chamber is large and is protected from overheating by a water jacket.

To increase the strength of the equipment, the heat exchanger is reinforced with a channel, making the likelihood of rupture low. At the bottom of the device there is a heat-resistant grate; under it there is a box for slag and ash. It can be removed through the door on the front panel; it also acts as a damper that regulates the amount of air entering the combustion chamber from the room. The pipes through which the supply and return lines of the heating system are connected are located on the rear panel. There is also a chimney pipe with a damper that regulates draft. The boiler can operate on wood or brown coal; for convenience, there is a top fuel loading system.

Advantages:

• Possibility of using any type of solid fuel - coal, coke, firewood, and so on;
• Small overall dimensions, no need for constant maintenance;
• Convenient top or end loading;
• Low cost.

Flaws:

• Low efficiency;
• The need to regularly load fuel, as it burns out quite quickly.

Solid fuel boiler Lemax Forward-16

Kentatsu ELEGANT-03

The device is a very durable and reliable product, which is intended for heating rooms for various purposes. The control here is simple mechanical; there is no need to connect it to the electrical network. The device is capable of operating on coal and wood; it has a fairly durable heat exchanger made of cast iron and can withstand severe physical stress, including high pressure of the coolant itself. The grates here are cooled, and the overall productivity is high. The device is manufactured on the basis of a multi-section heat exchanger, which is produced using the new AminGas technology. It is resistant to corrosion processes and has good resistance to temperature loads. The fuel is burned completely due to the supply of secondary air. The boiler is single-circuit, but it can also be adapted to supply hot water - for this you will need to purchase indirect heating boilers. They are connected to the heating circuit, take part of the heat from there and direct this energy to spiral heat exchangers.

The combustion chamber is spacious, the loading door is also quite large, so adding fuel is easy. The temperature of the heating circuit can be adjusted using mechanical draft control. The highest temperature of the coolant can be 90 degrees, the pressure should not exceed 4 bar. The boiler can be used in closed systems equipped with forced circulation.

Advantages:

• Quite reasonable cost;
• High performance;
• Acceptable dimensions;
• Universal device;
• Good manufacturing and assembly quality of the device;
• Long service life;
• There is no need to connect the product to power supply.

Flaws:

• The ash tray is not very conveniently located - getting it out is problematic.

Kentatsu ELEGANT-03

3. Teplodar Cooper OK 15

In the top solid fuel boilers, this unit is in an honorable third place, largely due to the long burning of the fuel. So, on one stack of firewood, the equipment can work for about 30 hours, briquettes burn out in two days, coal about 5 days. Perfect for residential, warehouse and even industrial premises, the area of ​​which does not exceed 150 square meters.

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Both water and antifreeze can be used as a coolant; any solid fuel - briquettes, firewood, coal - can be used as fuel. When installing additional elements, the boiler will operate on electricity or gas. The heat exchanger is made of 12 tubes, which ensures high efficiency of the device. The door is sealed, due to which smoke will not pass into the room, and the fuel will burn much longer due to poor access of oxygen to the firebox - it is made on the basis of the state standard GOST 9817-95.

Advantages:

• High build quality of the device;
• Economical operation with significant efficiency;
• Excellent value for money.

Flaws:

• Significant mass, which makes it difficult to move the boiler from one place to another.

Cooper boiler. Reviews.

Teplodar Kupper OK 15

Solid fuel boiler Nedelka “KO-90”

Heats rooms of 150 - 400 sq.m.
An ideal option for a private home, cottage, car service center, as well as a car wash. On one load of 300 liters it can work for up to 7 days. Operating power: 15−45 kW (adjustable using automation). Peak power: 90 kW

You can buy Nedelka boilers here.

Advantages:

• Mass production;
• Made of Russian steel 5 mm grade 09G2S produced by MMK;
• The hatch for cleaning the heat exchanger can be located either on the left or on the right;
• All stages of production are controlled;
• Insured liability to the consumer in ROSGOSSTRAKH in the amount of 10 million rubles;
• Patented production technology;
• Availability of documentation confirming fire safety and reliability of use.

Flaws:

• Weight and dimensions, but this makes the boiler reliable, with good one-time loading;
• The presence of condensation may seem like a minus, but it is an indicator of the high efficiency of the boiler, and there are effective ways to reduce it;
• Energy dependence. Undoubtedly a minus, but easily corrected, when solving it the house always becomes warm, regardless of whether there is electricity or not.

Boilers Nedelka - company presentation

Stropuva Mini S8

The leader of our review of the best solid fuel boilers is capable of high-quality heating of a room whose area reaches 80 square meters. m. Coal, firewood, wood briquettes, and so on can be used as fuel. The burning time for one load of fuel is significant: ordinary firewood burns out in about 30 hours, briquettes in 48 hours. These are the maximum parameters that can be affected by the heat loss of the building, external air temperature, and fuel quality. The overall dimensions are not too large, the boiler takes up a minimum of free space. The design is not too complicated - the device consists of two cylinders placed one inside the other and made of steel. There is a layer of external thermal insulation, so you won’t be able to get burned on the walls of the boiler. The coolant passes through the space between these cylinders. Inside the smaller of them there is a combustion chamber, which is served through doors on the body of the device.

The combustion process itself occurs only in the upper layer of fuel. Heated air from a special chamber is directed here through a telescopic tube. When the top layer of fuel burns, the tube moves to the bottom layer and so on. This design solution allows you to increase the efficiency of the device, as well as adjust the temperature of the coolant depending on the needs of the user. Before entering the chimney, combustion products first flow around the air heating chamber, transferring their heat to it.

Advantages:

• Absolute energy independence of the product;
• Reliable and safe design;
• Can heat a large area;
• Uses fuel economically.

Flaws:

• Except for the rather high cost not found.

solid fuel boiler Stropuva Mini S8

The best classic solid fuel boilers

ZOTA Dymok-M AOTV-18M 18 kW

A budget option equipped with a removable hob, making it ideal for a private home or country house.

Removable surfaces allow you to quickly load fuel, the deep firebox can accommodate massive logs up to 58 cm in length.

The design of the ash pan door prevents air from entering.

The combustion process is easily controlled . Thermal power at full load is enough for 7 hours with a total room area of ​​up to 120 sq.m.

Maintains a pressure of 3 atm and a coolant temperature of up to 95 degrees . Firewood consumption is slightly less than 8 kg/hour, brown coal – 6 kg/hour.

Specifications:

• Circuits: single-circuit;
• Energy independence: yes;
• Combustion chamber: open;
• Efficiency: 70%;
• Placement: floor;
• Fuel type: wood, coal.

pros

• tight door;
• fast loading;
• hob;
• power.

Minuses

• Efficiency

ZOTA Yenisei 18 18 kW

An easy-to-install and maintain single-circuit boiler can heat rooms with a total area of ​​up to 150 sq.m..

It consumes not only firewood and coal, but also fuel briquettes.

Seals on the doors and the air injection system allow you to regulate the combustion intensity and temperature accordingly.

The combustion chamber accommodates briquettes and logs up to 60 cm long.

The design feature is the combustion door placed at an angle.

In total, the boiler provides up to 8 hours of operation when the firebox is fully loaded.

However, it does not have the highest efficiency indicators and average efficiency indicators.

Specifications:

• Circuits: single-circuit;
• Energy independence: yes;
• Combustion chamber: open;
• Efficiency: 70%;
• Placement: floor;
• Fuel type: firewood, coal, coal and wood briquettes.

pros

• tight door;
• deep firebox;
• hob;
• low cost.

Minuses

• Efficiency

Teplodar Cooper Praktik 8

A classic single-circuit unit that runs on classic coal and wood, as well as peat briquettes.

Equipped with a thermometer that allows you to control the temperature.

The device’s power is enough for small areas of up to 80 sq.m. Optimal for small private houses and country houses.

It is distinguished by a large chimney 11.5 cm in diameter . The model is made of high-quality materials and meets modern quality standards.

The steel body allows you to retain heat for a long time.

The package does not include a thermostat; if necessary, it can be purchased separately.

Specifications:

• Circuits: single-circuit;
• Energy independence: yes;
• Combustion chamber: open;
• Efficiency: 85%;
• Placement: floor;
• Fuel type: firewood, coal, peat briquettes.

pros

• price;
• uniform heat distribution;
• compactness and weight.

Minuses

• there is not enough power for two-story buildings;
• The case heats up.

The best pyrolysis solid fuel boilers

Vesuvius Elbrus-10 10 kW

A single-circuit pyrolysis unit with a steel heat exchanger allows you to maintain a comfortable temperature in a room up to 100 sq.m..

It has small dimensions, but at the same time weighs a lot. A small firebox allows you to load logs no longer than 38 cm.

It is possible to install a heating element to maintain the temperature of the coolant, but to install it an additional thermostat is required.

The thermal insulation of the water jacket is made of basalt insulation. The device is designed to operate in cold climates.

Economical, low fuel consumption.

Specifications:

• Circuits: single-circuit;
• Energy independence: yes;
• Combustion chamber: open;
• Efficiency: 85%;
• Placement: floor;
• Fuel type: wood, coal.

pros

• efficiency;
• compact dimensions;
• possibility of installing heating elements.

Minuses

• short firebox.

Bourgeois-K MODERN-12 12 kW

A bright single-circuit boiler with a high level of efficiency, capable of heating areas up to 120 sq.m..

It has an almost “omnivorous” firebox and is capable of working on pellets and peat.

High-quality assembly ensures durable operation.

Easy to operate and maintain, has high performance – and high cost.

However, it is not economical and consumes a large amount of fuel . The built-in thermometer and pressure gauge will allow you to monitor the quality of work.

Maintains pressure up to 4.5 bar in the heating circuit with coolant temperature up to 95 degrees.

It has small dimensions and is undemanding in terms of placement.

Specifications:

• Circuits: single-circuit;
• Energy independence: yes;
• Combustion chamber: open;
• Efficiency: 92%;
• Placement: floor;
• Fuel type: firewood, coal, pellets, wood briquettes, peat.

pros

• dimensions;
• efficiency;
• appearance;
• ease of maintenance.

Minuses

• uneconomical.

Bourgeois-K STANDARD-20 20 kW

Single-circuit pyrolysis boiler with an open combustion chamber and a steel heat exchanger.

The design includes a built-in thermometer and pressure gauge, and a draft regulator. The latter allows you to regulate the rate of fuel combustion and its consumption, and change the intensity of heating of the premises.

Capable of heating a room up to 220 sq.m..

Due to the design features, it is not recommended to use birch firewood, since the chimney quickly becomes clogged with tar.

Otherwise, it is easy to maintain and does not require frequent cleaning of the ash pan..

Economical, provides a comfortable temperature with low fuel consumption.

Specifications:

• Circuits: single-circuit;
• Energy independence: yes;
• Combustion chamber: open;
• Efficiency: 85%;
• Placement: floor;
• Fuel type: wood, coal.

pros

• heated area;
• efficiency;
• ease of maintenance.

Minuses

• the firebox door does not fit tightly;
• The chimney pipe gets clogged quickly.

Types of household solid fuel boilers

Units can use various types of energy resources:

• firewood;
• granules;
• coal;
• peat.

There is also a universal option - a solid fuel stove, which can work effectively with any of the options listed.

Classification is also carried out according to the combustion method. Boilers can be:

• classic;
• pyrolysis;
• long burning.

Traditional devices are often used for firewood and peat. Their operation is simple, but during operation the equipment requires regular replenishment of the firebox - at least four times in twenty-four hours.

Pyrolysis models use the process of gas release during fuel smoldering. Thanks to this, the efficiency of the units tends to reach incredibly high levels. Pyrolysis equipment is the most economical option for home heating. However, it also has a minus - it is whimsical in operating conditions. For example, such a coal-fired boiler can only use dried rock, the moisture content of which does not exceed 20%.

Long-burning devices do not need frequent refilling: they can work with one portion all day long! This is the best option for a large private house. Most often, these units use firewood or briquettes.

Operating principle

The operating principle of a solid fuel heating unit works mainly due to the laws of physics and includes the following points:

1. Fuel loading;
2. Ignition;
3. Combustion of fuel and transfer of generated heat to the water coolant for the heating circuit or hot water supply;
4. Exhaust of flue gases into the atmosphere through a chimney by natural or forced circulation;
5. Circulation of heated coolant through the heating system using forced or natural circulation.

Types of solid fuel boilers

Solid fuel boilers are mainly classified according to their operating principle:

• Classic - similar to a conventional oven. Heat is released and transferred to the coolant through the combustion of solid fuel; to maintain the temperature, the firebox must be loaded regularly.
• Pyrolysis - the fuel in such devices does not burn, but smolders, resulting in the release of gas saturated with heat. Such boilers have increased efficiency due to the conversion of a small amount of fuel into a large amount of heated gas, the heat from which is transferred to the heat exchanger.
• Pellet – special pellets are used as fuel. Such boilers are volatile because they require control by electronic sensors. Models with a similar principle of operation are equipped with an automatic supply of pellets and a hopper for storing them.
• Long burning - equipped with an elongated firebox surrounded by a water jacket. In such fireboxes, fuel burns from top to bottom according to the principle of a candle, due to which complete combustion is achieved and the burning life of the filling is increased. The uninterrupted operation and safety of such models is ensured by emergency extinguishing fans and a circulation pump.

What is a solid fuel boiler

Initially, it was really an ordinary cast-iron unit from which hot water was taken for household needs. The water boiler was then replaced with a sealed heat exchanger. It became possible to distribute heat evenly throughout all rooms. Even modern fireplaces are now equipped with pipe registers to maximize heat extraction from flue gases and increase the coefficient of performance (efficiency).

Despite the archaic nature of the heating method by burning wood, peat or coal, heating systems are still used in places where there are no gas pipelines. The presence of a centralized power supply to the cottage does not fundamentally change the situation. An electric boiler is considered the most expensive way to heat rooms.

Recently, automated heating systems using pellets - granulated fuel from peat and organic waste: wood chips, sawdust, sunflower husks, etc., have become increasingly popular. Pellet heating units are equipped with automatic systems for supplying fuel from the bunker to the combustion chamber, removing ash and soot, control of flame, coolant and air temperature.

Device

Economical solid fuel boilers are made of cast iron or steel. The former are more durable and resistant to corrosion. The latter are cheaper, but are more demanding on the temperature of the coolant at the inlet to the boiler.

If the temperature of the return pipeline is less than 60 degrees, then acidic condensate from water vapor, which is formed during the combustion of organic fuel, forms on the surface of the heat exchanger. This drawback can be eliminated by mixing hotter coolant from the supply pipeline into the return pipeline through a thermal valve.

All solid fuel boilers consist of the following parts:

• firebox;
• heat exchanger;
• flues;
• chimney;
• air path;
• water jacket;
• ash chamber;
• frame.

Pyrolysis boilers have a more complex design. Fuel combustion occurs in two chambers that have increased aerodynamic resistance. To obtain stable draft, a smoke exhauster is added to the design of the pyrolysis fuel boiler, which ensures uniform combustion of fuel for a long time.

In conventional boilers, the duration of complete combustion of fuel with a one-time filling is 2-4 hours, and in long-burning pyrolysis boilers - from 12 to 24 hours, which is their main advantage compared to other types of fuel boilers.

The process of pyrolysis, that is, the thermal formation of flammable gases, occurs with any method of burning organic fuel. But in a pyrolysis fuel combustion chamber, combustion of fuel and gases occurs separately and controlled. Such a unit is sometimes called a gas generator boiler. In fact, the wood in it does not burn, but smolders, and only its lower layer.

The main part of the heat is obtained from the combustion of gases in the secondary combustion chamber, where additional air flow is provided. To prevent the firewood from igniting at the same time, air flow is structurally ensured from top to bottom. This is the second fundamental difference from conventional boilers, where the supply air is directed from below or from the side, so the entire fuel load burns at once.

Homemade pyrolysis boilers are sometimes equipped with fans instead of smoke exhausters, so increased pressure occurs in the firebox and smoke enters the boiler room, which can lead to carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning. The smoke exhauster creates a vacuum, so air tends to enter the firebox through the cracks, which ensures safe operation of the unit.

Advantages and disadvantages of solid fuel boilers

Solid fuel boilers are relevant where there is no possibility of supplying gas, as well as in areas with a shortage of electricity.

Modern models of such boilers are comparable in efficiency to gas boilers, are energy efficient, environmentally friendly, and equipped with fire protection systems.

The ability to work with waste (pellets) makes them an anti-pollution method.

However, classic models do not operate environmentally friendly and emit ash and waste gas into the atmosphere, which carries heat, since its operating principle is similar to a conventional oven.

Pellet options are entirely energy-dependent, as they are demanding on electronics and automation.

Long-term combustion boilers are demanding on the volume of fuel in the combustion chamber and will not provide the required power if the amount of firewood or coal is insufficient.

Also, such models are expensive, but at the same time economical and easy to maintain.

Long-burning coal boilers

The operating principle of a long-burning coal boiler using the example of the Stropuva S20 model.
Long-burning coal boilers have a more complex design - the heat exchanger is located not above the combustion chamber, as in the classic version, but behind it or around it, which changes the combustion process itself: the coal burns very slowly (smolders without a flame) from the top layer to the bottom, which significantly reduces its consumption.

For better oxidation, a regular supply of air is necessary, therefore such boilers have an upper combustion system, in which air is supplied directly to the coal combustion zone using a pumping system. This combustion method reduces the frequency of refueling by approximately 1.5–2 times.

Efficiency and selection criteria for long-burning coal-fired boilers

How to choose power

The accuracy of the calculation depends on whether all factors and indicators have been taken into account. First you need to determine the expected heated area.

The resulting indicator is divided by the specific value of the boiler power . The result is divided by 10 - the theoretical ratio of power for heating 10 sq.m.

The resulting value is the starting point for selecting the power of a solid fuel boiler.

In conditions with a cold climate, it is worth adding about 30% to the obtained value for heat loss and increasing technological capabilities.

Also, the boiler power can be determined by the formula V*T*K/850, where V is the volume of the heated room, T is the difference between the comfortable temperature inside the room and the minimum temperature outside, K is the heat loss coefficient.

K depends on the design of the room and is equal to 3.5 if the building is wooden or profiled sheet. 2.5 – a room with a wall thickness equal to the length of the brick; 1.5 – standard building design; 0.6 – improved design with double glazed windows, double thermal insulation and a thermally insulated roof.

Which manufacturer is better?

The market is saturated with boilers from various manufacturers - both domestic and foreign.

The leading ones are:

• Stropuva - a brand from Lithuania stands out for its design, durability of models and high cost. At the same time, due to the design features, long-lasting burning of firewood and a high level of efficiency are ensured.
• Zota is a Russian nonsense that supplies classic models with small dimensions and low power. Boilers from this manufacturer are optimal for country houses and small village houses. They are distinguished by their reliable design and low price.
• Burzhuy-K is a Russian manufacturer of energy-independent pyrolysis boilers. The models are highly expensive, but at the same time they provide high efficiency indicators, retain heat for a long time and are capable of heating fairly large areas up to 450 sq.m.

Rating updated September 12, 2021.